Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Differential Effects of Autophagy-Related 10 Protein on HCV Replication and Autophagy Flux Are Mediated by Its Cysteine 44 and Cysteine 135
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02176
Figure Lengend Snippet: IL28A expression was activated by ATG10S and ATG10 mutants with Cys 44 -Cys 135 mutation, and mediated autolysosome formation and HCV degradation. (A) Protein levels of the immune factors (IL28A, IRF3, and IRF7) and autophagy flux-related proteins (LC3B, P62, and LAMP2) were analyzed by Western blotting. (B) Transcription levels of IL28A, IRF3, and IRF7 were tested by qPCR. (C) Co-Immunoprecipitation showed the interactions among LAMP2, IL28A, P62, and LC3B using anti-LAMP2 antibody, and the interactions among IL28A with ATG10 mutant proteins and LAMP2 using anti-Flag antibody (labeling the ATG10, ATG10S, and the ATG10 mutants). (D) Immunofluorescence analysis shows co-localization of IL28A with LAMP2 by using anti-IL28A and anti-LAMP2 antibodies and co-localization of ATG10 mutants with IL28A by using anti-Flag and anti-IL28A antibodies in the HCV subreplicon cells. (E) The interactions between autophagosomes and lysosomes were disappeared in IL28A-knockdown cells by immunoprecipitation with anti-LC3B antibody (upper two panels). The replication of HCV subgenomic replicon was restored in IL28A-knockdown cells detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR tests in which HCV CORE and NS5B proteins and core RNA were obviously elevated via IL28A downregulation (lower two panels). Scale bars, 15 μm. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs. Ctrl; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 vs. the replicon model.
Article Snippet: Anti-IL28A (sc-365834) antibody for IF and anti-Lamin B (sc-6216) for Western blotting was purchased from Santa Cruz.
Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Antibody Labeling, Immunofluorescence, Knockdown, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction